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• Model-based testing is great for testing generic approaches to correctness and separates validation from execution
• The model can be simplified but can get complicated, and the testing is fragile if there are bugs or optimizations
• The state increases exponentially, making the test fragile
• The model can be generalized beyond HCD
• The testing can validate the operations or the model and generate a report
• The presentation includes an anecdote about using fail points to test HCD and finding a durability issue

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• Engineers should own security in a high-growth environment
• Each pull request should have an associated security review
• Threat modeling should be done by engineers using a custom tool with automation
• All deliverables or output should be stored in a database
• Risk assessment should be used to determine which features need a security review
• Security champions should be introduced to help with reviews
• Autonomy levels should be introduced for teams and partners
• Structured Threat Modeling as Code should be used for AppSec innovations

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• Application security is a crucial aspect of cybersecurity that involves building secure software systems.
• ISO IEC 25010 system and software quality model prioritizes security as an intrinsic quality system.
• Technical debt can lead to a drop in non-functional qualities, including security.
• Scaling application security through education is essential to ensure developers are equipped with the necessary skills to identify and address security issues during code review.

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• Manual code reviews are valuable for finding security issues caused by insecure coding practices
• Prioritizing analysis and using automated tools can speed up the process
• Combining automated tools with manual code analysis can ensure fewer bugs make it to production